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Alfred Wolfsohn Voice Research Centre
The Alfred Wolfsohn Voice Research Centre was a project established to investigate the therapeutic and artistic potential of vocal expression founded by Alfred Wolfsohn in Berlin during 1935 and re-situated in London during 1943, where he and his contemporaries and successors developed principles and practices that provided the foundations for the use of an extended vocal technique, which enables vocalists to extend their vocal range and flexibility beyond that usually heard in speech or song.〔Hart, R., et al, 'An Outline of the Work of the Alfred Wolfsohn Voice Research Centre', subsequently published in 'The Roy Hart Theatre: Documentation and Interviews', Dartington Theatre Papers, ed. David Williams, Fifth Series, No. 14, pp2–7. Series ed. Peter Hulton. Dartington College of Arts, 1985.〕〔Newham, P. 'The Psychology of Voice and the Founding of the Roy Hart Theatre'. New Theatre Quarterly IX No. 33. February 1993 pp59-65.〕
The Centre inspired, precipitated, and influenced a number of developments within the arts, the expressive therapies, and psychotherapy, including the Roy Hart Theatre, founded by Roy Hart, the psychotherapeutic approach to song, prayer, and guided meditation evolved by Paul Newham, the clinical application of singing and nonverbal vocalization in music therapy and drama therapy, and the use of spontaneous vocal expression in dance movement therapy.〔Martin, J., Voice in Modern Theatre. London. Routledge 1991.〕〔Roose-Evans J., Experimental Theatre: From Stanislavski to Peter Brook. 4th edn. London. Routledge 1989.〕〔Sharon Hall, 'An Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Song in Dramatherapy'. Dramatherapy Vol. 27 (1) 2005 pp13-18.〕〔Barbara Houseman, Voice and the Release and Exploration of Emotion and Thought from a Theatre Perspective. Dramatherapy. Vol. 16. (2-3) 1994 pp25-27.〕〔Anne Rust-D'Eye, 'The Sounds of the Self: Voice and Emotion in Dance Movement Therapy'. Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy: An International Journal for Theory, Research and Practice Volume 8. (2) 2013 pp95-107.〕
In addition, the extended vocal technique developed at the Centre has been used by performers in avant garde theatre, experimental music, and postmodern dance including, ''Eight Songs for a Mad King'' composed by Peter Maxwell Davies and performed by Roy Hart, ''Akropolis'' (1962) directed by Jerzy Grotowski, ''Orghast'' (1971) directed by Peter Brook, and ''House of Bones'' (1991) by Motionhouse with vocal music composed and performed using extended vocal technique by Paul Newham.〔Curtin, A., 'Alternative Vocalities: Listening Awry to Peter Maxwell Davies's Eight Songs for a Mad King'. Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature. Vol. 42, No. 2. June 2009. pp101-117.〕〔Joachim, H., Die Welt. 20 October 1969.〕〔Flaszen, L., 'Akropolis – Treatment of the Text.' In Grotowski, J. (ed), Towards a Poor Theatre. London. Simon & Schuster 1970.〕〔Smith, A. C. H., 'Orghast at Persepolis. The Complete Review'. London. Viking Adult 1973.〕〔Ashley, L., Essential Guide to Dance. 3rd edn. London. Hachette 2012.〕〔Gorguin, I., Fifth Festival of Arts. Shiraz-Persepolis. Tehran. Public Relations Bureau of the Festival of Arts. Shiraz-Persepolis 1971.〕〔Brook, P., The Shifting Point: Forty Years of Theatrical Exploration. London Methuen 1987.〕〔Helfer, R. & Loney, G. M., 'Peter Brook: Oxford to Orghast'. Contemporary Theatre Studies 27. Harwood Academic Publishers 1998.〕
==The Phases of the Centre==
The Alfred Wolfsohn Voice Research Centre can be divided into six phases, each one characterized by a distinct locus of attention, but all of them emergent from a shared commitment to a common ground. This common ground comprised two elements. Firstly, a commitment to the principles of Analytical Psychology, established by Carl Jung, with particular attention to Active Imagination technique. Secondly, an intention to establish a form of extended vocal technique that would enable vocalists to develop a highly flexible vocal range capable of expressing a broad spectrum of emotions and characters, for both therapeutic and artistic application.〔Shepard, L., An Empirical Therapy Based on an Extension of Vocal Range and Expression in Singing and Drama. Paper read at the Sixth International Congress of Psychotherapy, London, August 1964. Repository: Alfred Wolfsohn Voice Research Centre Archives. Curated by Leslie Shepard, Dublin, Ireland.〕〔Newham, P., The Singing Cure: An Introduction to Voice Movement Therapy. London: Random House 1993 and Boston: Shambhala 1994.〕〔Newham, P., 'Jung and Alfred Wolfsohn: Analytical Psychology and the Singing Voice. Journal of Analytical Psychology 37. 1992 pp323-336.〕
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